Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer. In CML, the bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells (WBCs), which are unable to fight infections. CML is caused by a genetic change between chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting an abnormal BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Most of the people (more than 90%) are diagnosed in the early chronic phase.
Get the Best treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Vijayawada from Dr. Ravi Kiran Bobba
Symptoms:
- Tiredness
- Excessive night sweating
- Weight loss
- Tenderness and swelling in the left side of your tummy
- Feeling full after small meals
- Pale skin and shortness of breath
- Bruising and bleeding
- Fever
- Frequent infections
Risk Factors:
- Age: As we get older there is an increased risk
- Exposure to radiation
How to get diagnosed?
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) test
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Genetic testing
Genetic Testing for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Vijayawada
BCR-ABL1 gene testing for CML in Vijayawada
Treatment:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are oral medications that are targeted against the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. TKIs include Imatinib, Dasatinib, Nilotinib, Bosutinib, Ponatinib and Asciminib.
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) – preferred in those patients who are not responding to TKI treatment.
Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) testing for CML patients in Vijayawada
Genetic Tests:
- BCR-ABL1 Qualitative test by RT-PCR (for new CML cases) in Vijayawada
- BCR-ABL1 Quantitative test by RT-PCR (for follow-up CML cases) in Vijayawada
- IRMA test by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Vijayawada
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) test (for TKI non-responders & advanced phase CML patients) in Vijayawada
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood disorders that start in the bone marrow. MPNs are associated with an overproduction of some of the mature blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells and/or platelets). Myeloproliferative neoplasms are caused by acquired genetic mutations.
Get the Best treatment for Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in Vijayawada from Dr. Ravi Kiran Bobba
Types of MPNs:
- Polycythemia Vera (PV) : overproduction of red blood cells (RBCs)
- Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) : overproduction of platelets
- Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) : production of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : overproduction of granulocytes, a type of white blood cells (WBCs)
- Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL) : overproduction of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell
- Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) : overproduction of eosinophils, another type of white blood cell
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MPN-U) : overproduction of WBCs, RBCs, or Platelets
Symptoms:
- Bone pain
- Night sweats
- Fever and fatigue
- Bruising and bleeding
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
- Headaches
- Blurred or double vision
- Shortness of breath
- Loss of appetite
- Raised blood pressure
Risk Factors:
- Age: As we get older there is an increased risk
- Exposure to radiation
How to get diagnosed?
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) test
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Genetic testing
Genetic Testing for Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) in Vijayawada
Treatment:
- JAK inhibitors (Ruxolitinib, Fedratinib)
- Cytoreductive agents (Hydroxyurea, Interferons)
- Aspirin
- Phlebotomy
- Red blood cell transfusions for anemia
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for some patients
Genetic Tests
- MPN panel test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- BCR-ABL1 Qualitative test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- JAK2 (V617F) mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- Calreticulin (CALR) mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- MPL mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) test in Vijayawada (for myeloid and suspected myeloid malignancies)
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Myelodysplasia or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of blood cancers, in which the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and/or platelets) and higher risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Get the Best treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Vijayawada from Dr. Ravi Kiran Bobba
Types of MDS:
- Refractory anemia : This occurs when there aren't enough red blood cells
- Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts : This involves a low red blood cell count and too much iron in the red blood cells.
- Refractory anemia with excess blasts : This involves too many blasts (up to 19% of the cells in the marrow) and not enough red blood cells. It may also affect white blood cells and platelets and have a higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation : This involves a large supply of blasts (up to 29% of the cells in the bone marrow).
- Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia : This occurs when there aren't enough of at least two types of blood cells. Less than 5% of the cells in the marrow are blasts.
- Del 5q MDS : This rare form of MDS causes a shortage of red blood cells. Less than 5% of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts.
- Unclassifiable MDS : This occurs when blast percentages are normal, but there's a shortage of one type of blood cell.
Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Pallor
- Unexplained bruising or pinpoint spots on the skin
- Bleeding easily
- Frequent infections
Risk Factors:
- Age: As we get older there is an increased risk
- Exposure to environmental/occupational hazards
- Previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment
How to get diagnosed?
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) test
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Cytogenetic analysis
- Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry (FCM)
- Immunocytochemistry
- Genetic testing
Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry (FCM) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Vijayawada
Genetic Testing for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Vijayawada
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy
- Blood cell growth factors
- Red blood cell transfusions
- Antibiotics
- Platelet transfusions
- Chelating agents
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for some patients
Genetic Tests
- JAK2 (V617F) mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) test in Vijayawada (for myeloid and suspected myeloid malignancies)
Myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap syndromes
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) overlap syndromes are well-defined myeloid neoplasms characterized by overlapping features of MDS and MPN.
Get the Best treatment for MDS/MPN overlap syndromes in Vijayawada from Dr. Ravi Kiran Bobba
Types of MDS:
- Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML)
- Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
- Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML)
- MDS/MPN-ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T)
- MDS/MPN-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U)
Risk Factors:
- Age: As we get older there is an increased risk
- Exposure to radiation
- Exposure to environmental/occupational hazards
- Previous chemotherapy or radiation treatment
How to get diagnosed?
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) test
- Peripheral Blood Smear
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Cytogenetic analysis
- Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry (FCM)
- Immunocytochemistry
- Genetic testing
Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry (FCM) for MDS/MPN overlap syndromes in Vijayawada
Genetic Testing for MDS/MPN overlap syndromes in Vijayawada
Treatment:
- Cytoreductive therapy with Hydroxyurea
- Erythropoietin stimulating analogs for anemia
- Hypomethylating agents
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for some patients
Genetic Tests
- MPN panel test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- BCR-ABL1 Qualitative test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- JAK2 (V617F) mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- Calreticulin (CALR) mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- MPL mutation test by RT-PCR in Vijayawada
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) test in Vijayawada (for myeloid and suspected myeloid malignancies)